Raspberry Pi 설정

출처 : 라즈베리파이 활용 강좌 : 라즈베리 파이로 원격 데스크탑 사용하기
파이카메라 활용강좌 : V4L2(Video4Linux) 와 VLC 를 이용한 RTSP Streaming

Raspberry PI OS 설치

출처 : 라즈베리 파이 시작하기_OS설치

1. SD Format

SD Formatter for Windows용을 받아서 포맷한다.

2. OS 받기

NOOBS 받기

3. 앞축을 풀고 파일 복사

4. 부팅

SSH 데몬 실행

$ sudo raspi-config

키 생성 오류가 있으면 아래처러 키를 삭제하고 다시 SSH 모둘 확설화를 해본다.

$ sudo rm /etc/ssh/ssh_host*
$ sudo ssh-keygen -A

LCD 설정

출처 : [버섯] 라즈베리 파이용 2.8인치 액정 쉴드(TFT LCD)
Waveshare 3.2/3.5/4 인치 TFT LCD 설정 방법
WaveShare SpotPear 3.2" and 3.5/4.0" TFT LCD overlays for the Raspberry PI and PI 2
waveshare 3.2inch tft-lcd setup - LCD에 Xwindow 띄우기

펌웨어 업그레이드

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade

SPI 모둘 활성화

$ sudo raspi-config

FBTFT 드라이버들을 파일 시스템의 모듈 설치 디렉토리에 설치하고 다시 재부팅

$ sudo REPO_URI=https://github.com/notro/rpi-firmware rpi-update
 *** Raspberry Pi firmware updater by Hexxeh, enhanced by AndrewS and Dom
 *** Performing self-update
 *** Relaunching after update
 *** Raspberry Pi firmware updater by Hexxeh, enhanced by AndrewS and Dom
 *** We're running for the first time
 *** Backing up files (this will take a few minutes)
 *** Remove old firmware backup
 *** Backing up firmware
 *** Remove old modules backup
 *** Backing up modules 3.18.11+
 *** Downloading specific firmware revision (this will take a few minutes)
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   167    0   167    0     0    156      0 --:--:--  0:00:01 --:--:--   224
100 47.9M  100 47.9M    0     0   821k      0  0:00:59  0:00:59 --:--:-- 1064k
 *** Updating firmware
 *** Updating kernel modules
 *** depmod 4.0.7+
 *** depmod 4.0.7-v7+
 *** Updating VideoCore libraries
 *** Using HardFP libraries
 *** Updating SDK
 *** Running ldconfig
 *** Storing current firmware revision
 *** Deleting downloaded files
 *** Syncing changes to disk
 *** If no errors appeared, your firmware was successfully updated to b2f5782d2a61cdfa1967942d34eae48900266ae1
 *** A reboot is needed to activate the new firmware
$ sudo reboot

WaveShare TFT LCD 용으로 만들어진 Device Tree 파일 (dtb) 을 다운로드

$ git clone https://github.com/swkim01/waveshare-dtoverlays.git

TFT LCD 의 종류에 따라 해당하는 dtb 파일을 /boot/overlays/ 디렉토리에 복사

$ sudo cp waveshare-dtoverlays/waveshare32b-overlay.dtb /boot/overlays/

/boot/config.txt 파일을 수정하여 커널 초기화 시에 TFT LCD 모듈을 적재하는 코드를 추가

$ sudo vi /boot/config.txt

3.2인치

dtparam=spi=on
dtoverlay=waveshare32b

참고로 화면을 회전시키는 등의 매개변수를 설정하려면 다음 예와 같이 하면 됩니다.

dtoverlay=waveshare32b:rotate=270

HDMI에서 TFT-LCD로 출력 바꾸기

$ vi /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/99-fbturbo.conf

Option "fbdev" "/dev/fb1" -- fb1이면 TFT-LCD / fb0이면 HDMI

Section "Device"
        Identifier      "Allwinner A10/A13 FBDEV"
        Driver          "fbturbo"
        Option          "fbdev" "/dev/fb1"

        Option          "SwapbuffersWait" "true"
EndSection

Force X windows to Load to PiScreen Automatically on boot

출처 : Enable X windows on PiScreen

자동 로그인

$ sudo vi /etc/inittab

수정전

1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty --noclear 38400 tty1

수정후

#1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty --noclear 38400 tty1 
1:2345:respawn:/bin/login -f pi tty1 /dev/tty1 2>&1

부팅시 X windows 시작

/etc/rc.local 파일의 exit 구문 위에 내용추가

$ sudo vi /etc/rc.local

su -l pi -c "env FRAMEBUFFER=/dev/fb1 startx &"

RDP 서버 데몬 실행

$ sudo apt-get install xrdp
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  tightvncserver xfonts-base
Suggested packages:
  tightvnc-java
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  tightvncserver xfonts-base xrdp
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 38 not upgraded.
Need to get 7,219 kB of archives.
After this operation, 11.5 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? 
Get:1 http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ wheezy/main tightvncserver armhf 1.3.9-6.4 [786 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ wheezy/main xfonts-base all 1:1.0.3 [6,181 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ wheezy/main xrdp armhf 0.5.0-2 [252 kB]
Fetched 7,219 kB in 11s (605 kB/s)                                             
Selecting previously unselected package tightvncserver.
(Reading database ... 77911 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking tightvncserver (from .../tightvncserver_1.3.9-6.4_armhf.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package xfonts-base.
Unpacking xfonts-base (from .../xfonts-base_1%3a1.0.3_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package xrdp.
Unpacking xrdp (from .../xrdp_0.5.0-2_armhf.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Processing triggers for fontconfig ...
Setting up tightvncserver (1.3.9-6.4) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/tightvncserver to provide /usr/bin/vncserver (vncserver) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/Xtightvnc to provide /usr/bin/Xvnc (Xvnc) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/tightvncpasswd to provide /usr/bin/vncpasswd (vncpasswd) in auto mode
Setting up xfonts-base (1:1.0.3) ...
Setting up xrdp (0.5.0-2) ...
Generating xrdp RSA keys......
Generating 512 bit rsa key...

ssl_gen_key_xrdp1 ok

saving to /etc/xrdp/rsakeys.ini

done (done).
Starting Remote Desktop Protocol server : xrdp sesman.

원격 데스크톱 연결

Raspberry PI 무선랜 설정

츨처 : wpa_supplicant를 사용한 무선랜 사용 ( WPAPSK 무선 보안 방식 / AES 암호화 )

USB 연결 상태 확인

$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp. 
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. 
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 148f:3070 Ralink Technology, Corp. RT2870/RT3070 Wireless Adapter
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 24ae:2000

/etc/network/interfaces 확인

$ cat /etc/network/interfaces

auto lo

iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet dhcp

allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet manual
wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
iface default inet dhcp

Wifi SSID 조회

$ sudo iwlist wlan0 scan | grep SSID
                    ESSID:"kuksu"
                    ESSID:"LUSSOSO_WIFI"
                    ESSID:"netis 2G"
                    ESSID:"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
                    ESSID:"hak"
                    ESSID:"sung"
                    ESSID:"asran"
                    ESSID:"iptime-g"
                    ESSID:"U+Net3823"
                    ESSID:"U+zone"
                    ESSID:"\x00"
                    ESSID:""
                    ESSID:"smhouse"
                    ESSID:"\x00"

wpa_passphrase

$ wpa_passphrase "netis 2G" "aaaaaaaa"
network={
        ssid="netis 2G"
        #psk="aaaaaaaa"
        psk=47277e223f0edfc12e24b9d690c7231863048a7fbb11ae3fecc6c7c360b4067b
}

/etc/network/interfaces 수정

$ cat /etc/network/interfaces

auto lo

iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet dhcp

allow-hotplug wlan0
auto wlan0

iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-ssid "netis 2G"
wpa-psk "aaaaaaaa"

-

$ iwconfig
wlan0     IEEE 802.11bgn  ESSID:"netis 2G"  
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.412 GHz  Access Point: 04:8D:38:17:96:00   
          Bit Rate=121.5 Mb/s   Tx-Power=20 dBm   
          Retry short limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Power Management:off
          Link Quality=70/70  Signal level=-29 dBm  
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:51   Missed beacon:0

lo        no wireless extensions.

eth0      no wireless extensions.

PI Camera 설정

출처 : 라즈베리파이에 카메라 입출력을 받아보자. V4L2(Video4Linux2)설치
파이카메라 활용강좌 : 라즈베리파이 Pi-cam V4L2(Video4Linux2) 설치
라즈베리파이 카메라 성능 테스트
How to install or upgrade UV4L on Raspbian (for the Raspberry Pi)

GPU, Kernel 업데이트 (옵션)

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade

Pi-Camera 장치 활성화

$ sudo raspi-config

Pi-Camera 캡쳐

$ raspistill -v -o test.jpg

raspistill Camera App v1.3.8

Width 2592, Height 1944, quality 85, filename test.jpg
Time delay 5000, Raw no
Thumbnail enabled Yes, width 64, height 48, quality 35
Link to latest frame enabled  no
Full resolution preview No
Capture method : Single capture

Preview Yes, Full screen Yes
Preview window 0,0,1024,768
Opacity 255
Sharpness 0, Contrast 0, Brightness 50
Saturation 0, ISO 0, Video Stabilisation No, Exposure compensation 0
Exposure Mode 'auto', AWB Mode 'auto', Image Effect 'none'
Metering Mode 'average', Colour Effect Enabled No with U = 128, V = 128
Rotation 0, hflip No, vflip No
ROI x 0.000000, y 0.000000, w 1.000000 h 1.000000
Camera component done
Encoder component done
Starting component connection stage
Connecting camera preview port to video render.
Connecting camera stills port to encoder input port
Opening output file test.jpg
Enabling encoder output port
Starting capture 0
Finished capture 0
Closing down
Close down completed, all components disconnected, disabled and destroyed

V4L2(Video4Linux2) 드라이버 활성화

$ ls /dev/vi*
ls: cannot access /dev/vi*: No such file or directory
$ sudo modprobe bcm2835-v4l2
$  ls /dev/vi*
/dev/video0

V4L2(Video4Linux2) 부팅시 활성화 시키기

$ sudo vi /etc/modules

아래 내용 추가

bcm2835-v4l2

V4L2(Video4Linux2) 인증키 설치

$  wget http://www.linux-projects.org/listing/uv4l_repo/lrkey.asc && sudo apt-key add ./lrkey.asc
--2015-07-17 10:54:30--  http://www.linux-projects.org/listing/uv4l_repo/lrkey.asc
Resolving www.linux-projects.org (www.linux-projects.org)... 62.149.140.25
Connecting to www.linux-projects.org (www.linux-projects.org)|62.149.140.25|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1337 (1.3K) [application/pgp-signature]
Saving to: `lrkey.asc'

100%[======================================>] 1,337       --.-K/s   in 0s      

2015-07-17 10:54:31 (14.2 MB/s) - `lrkey.asc' saved [1337/1337]

OK

소스리스트 추가 및 업데이트(apt-get update시 같이 업데이트 됨)

$ echo "deb http://www.linux-projects.org/listing/uv4l_repo/raspbian/ wheezy main " | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
$ sudo apt-get update -y

UV4L및 Pi-Camera 드라이버 설치

$ sudo apt-get install uv4l uv4l-raspicam
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  uv4l uv4l-raspicam
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,937 kB of archives.
After this operation, 5,538 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://www.linux-projects.org/listing/uv4l_repo/raspbian/ wheezy/main uv4l armhf 1.9.5-1 [559 kB]
Get:2 http://www.linux-projects.org/listing/uv4l_repo/raspbian/ wheezy/main uv4l-raspicam armhf 1.9.27 [1,377 kB]                              
Fetched 1,937 kB in 3min 31s (9,144 B/s)                                                                                                       
Selecting previously unselected package uv4l.
(Reading database ... 78363 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking uv4l (from .../uv4l_1.9.5-1_armhf.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package uv4l-raspicam.
Unpacking uv4l-raspicam (from .../uv4l-raspicam_1.9.27_armhf.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up uv4l (1.9.5-1) ...
Setting up uv4l-raspicam (1.9.27) ...

V4L2 장치활성화

$ uv4l --driver raspicam --auto-video_nr --width 640 --height 480 --encoding jpeg --frame-time 0
 [core] Trying driver 'raspicam' from built-in drivers...
 [core] Driver 'raspicam' not found
 [core] Trying driver 'raspicam' from external plug-in's...
 [driver] Dual Raspicam Video4Linux2 Driver v1.9.27 built Feb 21 2015
 [driver] Selected format: 640x480, encoding: jpeg, JPEG Still Capture
 [driver] Framerate max. 30 fps
 [driver] ROI: 0, 0, 1, 1
 [core] Device detected!
 [core] Cannot create /dev/video0 because file already exists
 [core] Registering device node /dev/video1

사진촬영 테스트

$ dd if=/dev/video0 of=snapshot.jpeg bs=11M count=1
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
238909 bytes (239 kB) copied, 1.13632 s, 210 kB/s

Raspberry PI 부팅시 UV4L 드라이버가 로딩되게 하려면 추가 패키지를 설치 (옵션)

$ sudo apt-get install uv4l-raspicam-extras

Camera 사용하고 잇는 프로세스 중지

$ fuser /dev/video0
/dev/video0:          2593m
$ ps axl | grep 2593
0  1000  2593  2560  20   0 152888 64416 futex_ Sl+  pts/1      4:00 vlc
0  1000  2775  2604  20   0   5380  3008 pipe_w S+   pts/2      0:00 grep --color=auto 2593
$ kill -9 2593

Tomcat 설치

$ sudo wget http://mirror.apache-kr.org/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.63/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.63.tar.gz
$ sudo tar xvfz apache-tomcat-7.0.63.tar.gz

한글사용

라즈베리파이 기초강좌 : GUI 환경에서 한글 사용하기

$ sudo apt-get install ibus ibus-hangul ttf-unfonts-core